There are various scientific theories in the world that explain how the universe came about. Sometimes these scientific laws can be reduced to mathematical statements. They often also seek to synthesise observations of a particular phenomenon or body of evidence.
Furthermore, they pretty much often represent the fundamentals of how things in nature work. Theories and laws depend on the basic elements of scientific methods. There are some very basic ones that everyone should know. This is because they are not rocket science and you don’t even need to be a scientist to crack or know it.
Five scientific laws and theories everyone should know
1. The Big Bang Theory
This one is based on research by Edwin Hubble, Albert Einstein and host of others. It believes that the universe began almost 14 billion years ago. If you watch The Big Bang Theory, you probably already know the story. The universe was confined to a single point encompassing all the universe’s matter, and the universe continued and continues to expand.
The science community embraced the theory when Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965. The two astronomers detected cosmic noise that did not dissipate over time. However, religious people definitely have a different hypothesis of how the world came to be. So do other cultures and tribes.
2. The Law of Gravitation
Isaac Newton pretty much helped with this one. More than 300 years ago, Sir Isaac Newton proposed the idea. He explained the three laws of nature. The laws are also represented by an equation. He says that any two objects, no matter their mass, exert gravitational force toward one another. It is represented with the equation: F = G × [(m1m2)/r2]
This law is very useful for the calculation of gravitational pull between two objects. This is great for when scientists are going to the moon or putting a satellite in orbit.
3. Uncertainty Principle
German scientist Werner Heisenberg made this discovery. He realised that it is impossible to simultaneously know two properties of a particle with a high level of precision. This makes it possible to know the position of an electron with a high degree of certainty. But it means its momentum won’t be known and, if the momentum can be predicted, the position won’t be known.
4. Law of Planetary Motion
Johannes Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion were formed in the early 17th Century. It describes how planets move around the sun. The first one states that planets move around the sun elliptically, that is, in oval form. The second law states that a line connecting the planet to the sun covers an equal area over equal periods of time.
The third one then allows us to establish a clear relationship between a planet’s orbital period and its distance to the sun. This means that a planet close to the sun had a briefer orbital period than one that is farther.
5. Law of Thermodynamics
This is one theory that is really important for everyone to know. A British physicist, C.P. Snow, once said that “a nonscientist who didn’t know the second law of thermodynamics was like a scientist who had never read Shakespeare.”
This theory means that if an engine would produce work, it will need to be supplied some heat. This heat will most likely not make it to the outside world. The second one now suggests that you can’t return to the same energy state afterwards. “Energy concentrated in one place will always flow to places of lower concentration.”
The final one suggests that when a system reaches absolute zero, molecules stop all movement, and the element reaches its lowest value possible.