US researchers William Kaelin and Gregg Semenza and Britain’s Peter Ratcliffe on Monday shared the Nobel Medicine Prize for discoveries on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability, the Nobel Assembly said.

 

“They established the basis for our understanding of how oxygen levels affect cellular metabolism and physiological function,” the jury said. Their research has “paved the way for promising new strategies to fight anaemia, cancer and many other diseases.”

 

The jury said the trio had identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen, which is central to a large number of diseases.

 

The jury said,

“Intense ongoing efforts in academic laboratories and pharmaceutical companies are now focused on developing drugs that can interfere with different disease states by either activating or blocking the oxygen-sensing machinery.”

 

Kaelin works at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the US. Meanwhile, Semenza is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the John Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.

 

 

Ratcliffe is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London. He is also the director of the Target Discovery Institute in Oxford.

 

The three will share the Nobel Medicine Prize sum of nine million Swedish kronor (about $914,000 or 833,000 euros).

 

They will receive their prize from King Carl XVI Gustaf at a formal ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of the 1896 death of scientist Alfred Nobel who created the prizes in his last will and testament.

 

Last year, the honour went to immunologists James Allison of the US and Tasuku Honjo of Japan. They figured out how to release the immune system’s brakes to allow it to attack cancer cells more efficiently.

 

The jury will reveal the winners of this year’s Physics Prize on Tuesday, followed by the Chemistry Prize on Wednesday.

 

Also, they will announce the Literature Prize on Thursday,  and crown two laureates. A s*xual harassment scandal initially forced the Academy to postpone the 2018 award, for the first time in 70 years.

 

The Peace Prize will follow on Friday. Lastly, the Economics Prize will wrap up the Nobel prize season on Monday, October 14.